A coaxial railgun has one rail as a cylindrical shell encircling the other rail. Generating points along line with specifying the origin of point generation in QGIS. | Final Year Projects for Engineering Students MARAUDER: Magnetically Accelerated Ring to Achieve Ultra-High Directed Energy and Radiation, TL: DR, an American project from the 1990's where they build a coaxial plasma railgun, which uses plasma as a KINETIC weapon, accelerating a Torus (a ring) of 0.5-2 milligrams of plasma to relativistic speeds, 1-3% the speed of light, 3000-10,000 km/s. It only takes a minute to sign up. You could work out the require currents for a given size of superconductor, limited by the material's critical current, but lets instead go for 200 Tesla. Seems to have a lot of . A tokamak is essentially an infinitely long rail/coil gun that produces a magnetic containment vessel for a super-heated plasma. Outside hard vacuum, that 10000 km/s torus is not going anywhere. Railguns are just high velocity rounds so standard plus extra defenses will work. However, it is rumored to be a coil gun, not a rail gun. We may have detected a typo. Experiments aimed to further the understanding of these interactions require the generation of plasmas with specified properties at very high velocities. Please complete the following survey to help us better understand your race experience. @KareemElashmawy The vast bulk of what I said can be found in the wiki article I linked at the very start of the post. Z-pinches also magnetically accelerate plasma up to similar velocities. Would this be at all practical as a weapon system? Rank amateurs. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Also what kind of distance would these toroids be stable over? Glass, perhaps jacketed in something more durable like ceramic, could contain the plasma apparatus. After graduating from Boston University in 1904, Dr. Warwick and her first husband, Dr. Coles, operated a TB sanitarium in West Keene. A railgun is a weapon that uses electromagnetic force to fire a projectile at high velocity, some at speeds of up to Mach 6. He describes two promising approaches which are based on demonstrated technology. You can find instructions at https://www.whatismybrowser.com/guides/how-to-enable-cookies/auto. Its the same lab used to produce energy enough for the SDI initiative (also known as Star Wars missile defense). I'm pretty sure the plasma was preheated and injected into the railgun. A traditional railgun uses electromagnetic forces to drive a solid metal projectile slug to superspeeds. The power requirement appears to be immense. 13-nautical-mile range of the US Navy's standard 5-inch naval gun," Ltd. All Rights Reserved. or 8,654 km/hr. 2023 The Nature Conservancy can hold plasma under higher pressures. It's not them. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. this region. "Containment" and "weapon" are typically contradictory. Cookie Notice Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Most don't need TeX formatting at all, if you know how to type. We use cookies to offer you a better browsing experience. In the case of our hypothetical 200T coilgun, that gives us a maximum energy density of 16GJ/m3. You must log in or register to reply here. Spreading that same force over a larger distance I do not think adds anything to the equation acceleration wise. Why does Acts not mention the deaths of Peter and Paul? Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Plasma is not necessarily hard to confine; for example, those of us who are old enough or who have an interest in the history of computing remember the beautiful Nixie tubes which were used for the displays of computers and calculators made until the 1980s or so; Nixie tubes can be ruggedized, and some have flown in space aboard Soviet (and maybe also American) spacecraft. If you continue to use this site, you consent to use all cookies. Plasma railguns are being evaluated as a possible method of implosion linear formation for fusion. JavaScript is disabled. While the preserve is worth visiting throughout the year, there are icy conditions on the steeper sections of the trail during the winter so make sure to bring appropriate gear or wait for the warmer seasons to enjoy the trails. This is an instability in which the magnetic pressure front can out-run or "blow-by" the plasma armature due to the radial dependence of acceleration current density, drastically reducing device efficiency. What're the weight and dimensions of the slug? A minor scale definition: am I missing something? Project MARAUDER was a coaxial railgun that shot plasma donuts that exploded (I think) on impact and also caused an emp discharge. Title VI Notice of Nondiscrimination You can learn from experts, build working projects, showcase skills to the world and grab the best jobs. However, in recent years, new research has shown promise in extending the lifespan of these Toroids. ', referring to the nuclear power plant in Ignalina, mean? @RossPresser but really what will happen is that if your gun pumps enough eneergy into the round to melt it, it'll almost certainly pump enough energy into it to at least partially boil it, and it'll go bang. To recreate this in a bullet, you need: The idea here is that the bullet is fired not containing plasma, but everything needed to make plasma. If it breaks out by accident, even if it destroys everything would you still call it a 'weapon' ? @StarfishPrime obviously 100m barrel does not give 10 times faster than 10m barrel. It is hoped that the work at the University of Texas described in these papers . It is one of several United States Government efforts to develop plasma-based projectiles. The post Marauder was the US militarys first plasma railgun and it might have worked appeared first on We Are The Mighty. Better for close range brawling. Learn More. It revolved around firing electromagnetically contained plasma out of a railgun encased in a toroidal (donut shaped) container. Please enable JavaScript if possible. After graduating from Boston University in 1904, Dr. Warwick and her first husband, Dr. Coles, operated a TB sanitarium in West Keene. Privacy Policy. However, your browser doesn't appear to allow cookies by default. | Refund Policy It revolved around firing electromagnetically contained plasma out of a railgun encased in a toroidal (donut shaped) container. [1] Which means that I am in the potentially unique situation of being able to tell you that yes, they went out of their way to name it Marauder because it took us far too long to find a word that worked, we spent two hours fiddling with syllables to get stuff that fit (Direct Energy Railgun gives der). By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The other example is the MARAUDER (Magnetically Accelerated Ring to Achieve Ultra-high Directed-Energy and Radiation) used the Shiva Star project (a high energy capacitor bank which provided the means to test weapons and other devices requiring brief and extremely large amounts of energy) to accelerate a toroid of plasma at a significant . The United States is playing catch up in this area of weapons development at least it is in public. Global sites represent either regional branches of The Nature Conservancy or local affiliates of The Nature Conservancy that are separate entities. Can my creature spell be countered if I cast a split second spell after it? A 30mm projectile would let you fit your 100km/s gun into the original 100m length limit, but: You could use a fat, low-density sabot which drives a thin dense projectile, but the sabot represents parasitic weight that eats into the kinetic-energy budget of the narrow penetrator. Railguns give you much more oomph for the same length barrel, but unfortunately shooting them causes damage to the rails as a result of the super-hot plasma arc that forms behind the projectile. Open in Maps, Explore our work in Randy Curry and his friends were able to fire a self-contained ring of plasma in open air, that lasted for 10 milliseconds. This current generates a magnetic field which propels the plasma forward. 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Realistic Rounds for Penetrating advanced body armor? What is a realistic maximum velocity of a coilgun round from a 100 m barrel? (Note that there will be other limits to projectile temperature superconducting projectiles musn't be heated above their critical temperature, for example, and that'll be a lot lower than their melting point: ~300K for a scifi "room temperature" superconductor, for example. I really do not understand the purpose of the 100m barrel, unless you are projecting a VERY big bullet. Marauder, marauders, The Marauder, or The Marauders may refer to: Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The importance of using plasma technology is that they produce muzzle velocities in 100s of km/shaving applications in magnetic confinement fusion (MCF), magneto-inertial fusion (MIF), High Energy Density Physics research (HEDP), laboratory astrophysics, and as a plasma propulsion engine for spacecraft. Terms of Use "Using a massive electrical pulse rather than a chemical propellant, Say, if the primary problem of MARAUDER is that a plasma Torus will quickly become ineffective in the atmosphere, wouldn't that make a perfect weapon to put on a Satellite? Ultimately, the limit is going to be keeping the bullet solid as you push on it. Finally, you should see that I've been looking at coilguns, not railguns here. A plasma railgun is a linear accelerator which, like a projectile railgun, uses two long parallel electrodes to accelerate a "sliding short" armature.However, in a plasma railgun, the armature and ejected projectile consists of plasma, or hot, ionized, gas-like particles, instead of a solid slug of material.Scientific plasma railguns are typically operated in vacuum and not at air pressure. Renewed interest has arisen in plasma armatures as evidenced by two papers presented at the 2008 EML Symposium. This was the project's biggest issue. Plasma is good against EVERYTHING - Hull AND shield - with big damage (with few exception), but since the travel time is slow, effective range is poor. Above the rocky outcrops, the trails are easier and follow gently curving contours through a mixed forest, which includes some beautiful stands of red oak. You might be able to hold it magnetically in the gun, but the instant it leaves the barrel you've now got rapidly cooling nothing. The magic number of interest here is the energy density that the swept volume can have this is $\frac{1}{2\mu_o}$ (where 0 is the permeability of free space) or about 400kJ/m3/T2, multiplied by the square of the magnetic field strength. The Navy even developed the ability to fire multiple-shot salvos but neither service has effectively fielded a weapon. The Navy spent more than a . Youve already signed up with this email address. Would My Planets Blue Sun Kill Earth-Life? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. You can start for free today! Yeah, I never understood how you're supposed to get the plasma to stay plasma once you fire it. Take a left onto South Village Road, which you will follow for 3.7 miles before arriving in the village of Westmoreland. | Login to Download Certificate As plasma railguns are an open area of research, the method of armature formation varies. Enter your email address and we will send you instructions to reset your password if there is an account for that email. MARAUDER took these Compact Toroids and fired them from a railgun. A plasma-projectile shooting railgun is basically an armature that converts to plasma ('transitioning' armatures are also a thing and have been considered as a bridge between plasma armatures and solid/hybrid armature railguns, in fact) which is what Wikipedia describes (although the velocities are an order of magnitude less than what Shiva We are talking about quite ridiculous energy levels here after all. What should I follow, if two altimeters show different altitudes? This page is not available in other languages. A YouTuber by the name of NSA_Listbot has created a railgun that shoots plasma rounds and they were strong enough to fully penetrate a cantaloupe. The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory must have made some significant progress in a short time, because computer simulations started in 1991, an experiment was conducted in 1993, and the whole thing was classified not long after. He created a simple electric cannon, which caught the attention of the French military who were seeking a weapon that . The plasma accelerator fires instantly, but the projectile is slow. Her three grandchildren continue to visit the preserve. In a plasma railgun, the armature and ejected projectile consist of hot, ionized, gas-like particles heated by a very high temperature. It's still an accelerating mass @RossPresser in general, because you can no longer rely on its intermolecular bonds to hold it together. Railguns have long existed as experimental . Yes, Shiva Star, that was the '80es project I was thinking about. This website uses cookies to enhance your experience and analyze performance and traffic on our website. A 100m railgun might not, in fact, be 10 times faster than a 10m railgun, if it wanted to stay in one piece after firing. The rest can be found here: @JDugosz Thanks for calling that outthat was edited in by someone else, I fixed it. All proceeds help support the Westmoreland PTA and their great programming for the students and teachers of Westmoreland! Get text updates from The Nature Conservancy: Purple Trillium at the Warwick Preserve in Westmoreland, New Hampshire, [{"countryCode":"hkg","countryName":"Hong Kong"},{"countryCode":"ury","countryName":"Uruguay"},{"countryCode":"gab","countryName":"Gabon"},{"countryCode":"ken","countryName":"Kenya"},{"countryCode":"nam","countryName":"Namibia"},{"countryCode":"syc","countryName":"Seychelles"},{"countryCode":"zaf","countryName":"South Africa"},{"countryCode":"tza","countryName":"Tanzania"},{"countryCode":"zmb","countryName":"Zambia"},{"countryCode":"aus","countryName":"Australia"},{"countryCode":"chn","countryName":"China"},{"countryCode":"hkg","countryName":"HongKong"},{"countryCode":"ind","countryName":"India"},{"countryCode":"idn","countryName":"Indoneasia"},{"countryCode":"mng","countryName":"Mongolia"},{"countryCode":"mmr","countryName":"Myanmar"},{"countryCode":"nzl","countryName":"New 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Did you mean to type ;). A chemical gun benefits from a longer barrel because the expanding gases have longer to do their thing. What is the symbol (which looks similar to an equals sign) called? Gentle acceleration up to 100km/s over 100m doesn't have to liquidize your bullet. ? Something similar was tried in original Star Wars SDI, huge power load, completely useless in atmosphere. Little is known about it after 1993 because it swiftly Classified Status. Basically, the Marauder was everything an army could possibly hope for in the area of field artillery: an ultra-fast, super-destructive gun whose ammunition was only limited to how much power the army could produce for it. No hunting on the southern portion of the preserve (Warwick parcel). Essentially its a still classified US military project aiming to develop a railgun capable of firing 0.5-2.0 mg toroids of plasma at up to 3% light speed. While most of New Hampshire tends to have acidic soils, the calcium-rich bedrock in Westmoreland has resulted in rich, alkaline soils that provide habitat for a diversity of plant life that is uncommon in the state. From Route 9 take Route 12 north for 6.4 miles, bringing you to east Westmoreland. All takedown requests will be promptly acknowledged and investigated. I'm interested to know what is the maximum realistic muzzle velocity of a coilgun with a 100m barrel length. You'll also get much more rail damage per shot for a much faster railgun, making firing multiple rounds problematic. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. The problem is that everything is classified so we have no way to know if it is to hide a viable weapon or to keep the enemy guessing and thus spending money to find a way to counter it or create their own. Specific elements of the design are examined and the inherent physical and material difficulties of a coaxial design are explored. Please enter a valid email address (formatted as name@company.com). In private, the U.S. military might be way ahead of Russia in the area of ultra-fast projectiles, but well never know because most of its early developments have been classified. At least with the second approach, you can store your bullets normally. For more information, please see our Basically, it looks like a donut. The system shown on our data is a relatively low velocity device within the building capability of most hobbyists. The Marauder uses the same principle in firing the weapon, but instead of the slug, Marauders projectile is superheated, donut-shaped ionized gas particles: plasma. One way to do this would be by using superconducting coils and heat them to drop the superconductivity (sometimes known as a quench gun) but that'll turn the field energy into heat, and lots of it. On impact, the electrode is pushed back into the power supply and the carrier gas is released through the nozzle created on impact. [citation needed], High velocity jets of controllable density and temperature allow astrophysical phenomena such as solar wind, galactic jets, solar events and astrophysical plasma to be partially simulated in the laboratory and measured directly, in addition to astronomic and satellite observations. Kinda important factors You might want to research fusion reactors. As plasma railguns are an open area of research, the method of armature formation varies. Scientific plasma railguns are typically operated in vacuum and not at air pressure. your projectile now has a worse length-to-width ratio, which makes it less effective at penetrating the target's defences. What are your thoughts on Project MARAUDER? What's the intended of use of the few milligrams of plasma confined within the bullet? Thanks for detailed post Connor. Non-superconducting projectiles will be subject to more heating!). The USAF has already developed a plasma weapon that meets all but two of your requirements; but, it also bypasses their necessity. You may experience issues registering or using other parts of the website. If technology was developed to fix this it might affect the acceleration speed. Which reverse polarity protection is better and why? Why don't we use the 7805 for car phone chargers? Join 250,000+ students from 36+ countries & develop practical skills by building projects. The Warwick Preserve was established when TNC received a 36-acre donation from Dr. Ruth Warwick and her daughter Louise Hunninen in 1964. The plasma railgun is a linear accelerator and plasma energy weapon which like a projectile railgun uses two long parallel electrodes to accelerate a sliding short armature. The PPRO1 Plasma Thermal Gun utilizes the electrothermal energy obtained from vaporizing a metallic material, creating a pressure wave of sufficient magnitude to cause a projectile to accelerate to ballistic velocities. The experiment which was performed to confirm the properties of the plasma jets produced by the coaxial plasma railgun is explained. [citation needed], Arrays of plasma railguns could be used to create pulsed implosions of ~1 Megabar peak pressure, allowing more access to chart this opening area of plasma physics. | JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Round is a solid KE penetrator. MARAUDER was a United States Air Force experiment to develop long-range plasma weapons.