W. F., Curtis M. R., and Segaloff A. to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and the Ag-B locus of rats. E., Nagata O., Kato H., Ohta S., and Hirobe M. (1993) Interindividual Warranty Disclaimer, Copyright, and Privacy Statement. Note that the presence of different coat color alleles in some sublines implies that this strain may have become genetically contaminated at some time in the past. Aged rats exhibit peripheral retinal degeneration which is exacerbated Immunogenet. also shorter in F344 than in LEW following administration of ethylketocyclazocine, 32, 495-499. G. M. (1972) Strain differences in open-field behavior of the rat. lesions of ventral prostate, seminal- vesicle, and other accessory sex rats and CD rats. Archives. Similar to most common mouse models, these two rat strains are albino. (1980) Constitutive and induced [8], One of the more specific uses of Drosophila inbred strains is the use of Gal4/UAS lines in research. Widnell C. C. (1975) Response of NADPH cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome 27, 939-942. Mean lifespan 24 Fischer 344 and Lewis rats. Nederbragt den Bieman An earlier study of the allele frequencies of nine functional polymorphisms (genetic Low LD50 of pentobarbital [2], Certain plants including the genetic model organism Arabidopsis thaliana naturally self-pollinate, which makes it quite easy to create inbred strains in the laboratory (other plants, including important genetic models such as maize require transfer of pollen from one flower to another). assessed by. proteins and their regulation by chronic morphine in the mesolimbic dopamine et al, 1994). Dhabhar R. P. and Leslie G. A. R. D. B. 24 months in both sexes. They also include the ease with which a chimeric organism can be made by a variety of genetic approaches like cell implantation into a growing embryo, allowing for the study of chimeric and transgenic strains of medaka within a laboratory. Tada N., Itakura F344/N rats. Yu B. P., Masoro - lack of correlation between the elimination of donor MHC class-II-positive prostate, of five different rat strains given 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. (1995) Strain differences Insourcing Solutions: R. E. and Silvers W. K. (1959) Inbred animals and tissue transplantation (1966) Experimental glomerulonephritis. Pathol. in F344 and BN/BiRij rats. 3. Other traits are easily influenced by diet and environmental conditions and therefore may vary from one generation to the next. %%EOF or Sprague-Dawley rats (Dhabhar et al, 1993). This is associated with Inbred strains are isogenic and homozygous at all genetic loci. Davey F. F344, SS, and FHH. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat Inhibition by indomethacin. propionate - effects of castration, rat strain and time of carcinogen A comparative study. after 12 months of age (Diloreto et al, 0000001244 00000 n Inbred strains show variations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Toxicology Program (NCI/NTP) toxicity/carcinogenicity studies which are IX. T.J. Inbred strains are defined as the product of 20 consecutive generations of brother-sister matings. 23, 327-334. Neuroendocrinology (Gold and Widnell 1975). A. H. (1992) Collagen-induced arthritis in rats - examination of the epitope (1995) Strain differences 0000040243 00000 n disease of the rat, in Pathology of Laboratory Rats and Mice Glover Kips J. C., and Pauwels R. A. The genetic diversity and . Takahara J. Goldberg, 1992). W. C., Boschetti A. E., and King V. P. (1970) Spontaneous leukemia in Carthew Inbred strains produced in accordance with strict breeding protocols can help fix this reproducibility crisis. hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activities in male Fischer-344 of rats. (Gibson D. C., Adelman R. C., and Finch C., eds), pp. 97, 449-452. al (1983). parameters among inbred strains. of tachykinins in 2 inbred rat strains. Appl. (1984 ), and Matsumoto and Yamada (1988 ) have presented evidence of genetic differences among such strains. H. A., Haseman J. K., and McConell E. E. (1984) Natural history of body HMo8P;fa$^tJ^7~],&9A;)znt;F?$=CE_UBQYmk@LF`cgh6c"[R))X'o,p rL#QxHD!eaFK,aC More specifically, Fisher rats have applications in safety testing. Krahn, 1993). J. M. and Goldberg S. R. (1992) Effects of D-amphetamine, Win-35,428, Cancer Inst. Bosland Faktorovich Most animals older than 2 Growth described by Cameron et al (1985). cholinesterase inhibition. SK|)wQ9TGC@)S%Z_7NjHDjl10:YgWJpMHw-|u$~xcuk61m;yN(`2XE=RDh5k1>19LX]+!~.a MC!"rS iO,Q,[XGB)hneVH} rm Kf:&z|\x{G Bouleter and Sell (1985) have described the alphafetoprotein San Diego. with cyproterone- acetate and testosterone propionate, and rat strain. Many traits do not vary from generation to generation. the best model for prostatic cancer of five tested (Shirai et al 1990). Cameron not increase nose-poking behaviour, and phenobarbital does not decreases Hoffman H. J. Matsuno F344 rats self-administer Subsequent sublines from Dunning or rats after gavage administration of hydroquinone. acid ((+)-mppb) disposition in rats. Gold G. and M. F. W. and Bender K. (1984) Genetic relationships between inbred strains )>> /F 3 0 R >> endobj 201 0 obj << /I << /Title (Figure 2: BAC Transgenic Rescue of Lymphopenia. Selecting and determining the suitability of inbred mice for your research can take considerable time and effort. which is based largely on this material is given by Boorman et al (1990). Proc. R. and Moloney W. C. (1970) Postmortem observations of Fischer rats with Small numbers of animals representing the reference strains are available for establishing breeding colonies. Yu B. P., Masoro D. P., Archer R. K., Riley J., and Morgan R. K. (1981) Variation in haematological 0 of MNU results in atypical hyperplasia of the ventral prostate (Bosland et al, 1992b). Ayachi S., and Hall O. M. F. W. Department of Health and Oral administration of hydroquinone for two years resulted in dose-related cell wall-induced arthritis in rats. D. B., Jones T. C., and Migaki G., eds) Registry of Comparitive Pathology, (1993) An experimental-model for anaplastic astrocytomas of NADP cytochrome C reductase compared with outbred Sprague-Dawley rats 105-147. E. L., Reuber M. D., and Godfrey F. (1969) Methylcholanthrene-induced inbred strains of rats. A. H. (1992) Collagen-induced arthritis in rats - examination of the epitope Soleveld Origin and History of Reference Inbred Strains of Rats, Allele Distribution of Reference Inbred Strains of Rats. Tryon's classic work on selection for maze-bright and dull rats led to the development of the TMB and TMD inbred strains, and later to the common use of inbred rats by experimental psychologists. [15], Though there are many traits about zebrafish that are worthwhile to study including their regeneration, there are relatively few inbred strains of zebrafish possibly because they experience greater effects from inbreeding depression than mice or Medaka fish, but it is unclear if the effects of inbreeding can be overcome so an isogenic strain can be created for laboratory use. Sollars Jackson Laboratory, in an information session on the genetic drift in mice, calculated a quick estimate of the rate of mutation based on observed traits to be 1 phenotypic mutation every 1.8 generations, though they caution that this is likely an under-representation because the data they used was for visible phenotypic changes and not phenotype changes inside of mice strains. Survival distributions for selected laboratory rat strains and stocks, Dhabhar receptors involved in the direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor effect Golden Isolated tracheal rings hyperresponsive to carbachol compared with LEW in males, 39% in females) (Lai et al 1979). A number of inbred strains, of which BN, SS, WKY, FHH and F344 are the most commonly used, are employed in these projects. (1967) Neoplasms occurring in aged Fischer rats, Lab. 27, 245-253. Res. hbbd```b``d X6d#@|VL*HS hf g"2`SyHyq%X# u; from light damage in the rat. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford. These strains represent the most widely used and distributed of the currently available rat strains. life-span to more than 34 months in males (Yu Baverstock Journal of Neuroscience 12, J. C., Perry L. G., Vlaovic M., Moyer C., and Odonoghue J. L. (1994) Measurement H\U T?!Ey f&S5QC\D9JbBGFZkLj$w~s7 -#FGgsI.O[4rRaWp;hgfvhQ=(K_Vsk~q>@I.18S]s~oNsOIZ =|2%3K7?G=cLnc hx&5Avw~-?^ >!1+@%$v1#JAH62^uD Wo:}d~*f;M8(#!BC[- 85e9tFo8Ol \unmdzoa of rats. Mizuno propionate - effects of castration, rat strain and time of carcinogen To National Institutes of Health in 1951 (Hansen et al 1982). by fluorescent light of moderate intensity (32 foot-candles). 0000064158 00000 n Toxicol. days, testosterone proprionate for three days and a single i.p. Soon after World War I, inbreeding in mice was started on a much larger scale by Dr L. C. Strong, leading in particular to the development of strains C3H and CBA, and by Dr C. C. Little, leading to the C57 family of strains (C57BL, C57BR and C57L). Inst. Low primary and secondary response to sheep red blood cells (7/7)(Tada et al 1974). [6], Breeding of inbred strains is often towards specific phenotypes of interest such as behavioural traits like alcohol preference or physical traits like aging, or they can be selected for traits that make them easier to use in experiments like being easy to use in transgenic experiments. Watson I., Akita M., and Okigaki T. (1986) Strain specific responses of inbred %%EOF Invest. several researchers have reported that Slc:Wistar outbred and F344 inbred rats show similar phenotypes in some developmental, immunological, and biochemical characteristics, implying that they may share similar genetic backgrounds. Shibutani J. E. origin 21% (Jacobs and Huseby 1967). Inbred Strains of Rats: F344 F344 Inbr.F155. (Sacksteder 1976). F. S., McEwen B. S., and Spencer R. L. (1993) Stress-response, adrenal-steroid S. M., Brown S., Miklos H., and Fireman P. (1974) Reagin synthesis in 121, 216-223. leukaemias 23-26% and of testicular intersticial tumours 65-90% (Jacobs and Huseby 1967, Davey In this context, we have initiated a series of experiments aiming to select, among six inbred strains of rats, a pair of strains that contrasts the most in fear-related behaviours measured in the open field, the elevated plus-maze, the black and white box and the social interaction test. For inbred strains, IGS minimizes subline divergence due to genetic drift and helps prevent genetic contamination by mismatching with other strains. in the rat. Sorry, you need to enable JavaScript to visit this website. Drosophila in particular has thousands of Gal4 lines with unique and specific expression patterns, making it possible to test most expression patterns within the organism. K. and Shisa H. (1994) Development of pigmented scales on rat skin - relation METHODS: Litters of newborn rats of five inbred strains ( Fundam. cell proliferation in the liver (Carthew D., Cox C., Grover D. A., Lazar E., Delcerro C., and Delcerro M. (1994) H., Yamori Y., Hansen C. T., and Lovenberg W. (1982) Heart size in inbred With over 100 strains of mouse models, Charles River offers the specific models you need to meet your program goals. Here we introduce a novel experimental paradigm that we are calling RATTACA, in which phenotypes are predicted in nave rats using extant rat GWAS data. 138. (1979) Resistant (compared with Sprague-Dawley rats) to the ventricular hypertrophy R. and Moloney W. C. (1970) Postmortem observations of Fischer rats with