Note: This category is intended solely for those members of the German armed forces killed as a result of their military service and not those executed during internal purges, or those who died in Allied custody post-war. During the Cold War, the West German government estimated the death toll at 2.225 million[14] in the wartime evacuations, forced labor in the Soviet Union as well as the post war expulsions. [39][43] An autopsy concluded he died of sepsis. Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. Deaths of POW were 450,600 including 356,700 in NKVD camps and 93,900 in transit. [57] On 9 June 1942, the Germans committed the Lidice massacre; 199 men were killed, 195 women were deported to Ravensbrck concentration camp, and 95 children taken prisoner. As the Mercedes braked in front of him, Kubi, who was not spotted by Heydrich or Klein, threw a modified anti-tank grenade[27] (concealed in a briefcase) at the car; he misjudged his throw. [45] Another suggestion was that Heydrich died of a massive pulmonary embolism (probably a fat embolism). WebThere are no reliable figures for the casualties of the Soviet Union and China, the two countries in which casualties were undoubtedly greatest. The following 142 pages are in this category, out of 142 total. His post mortem examination showed none of the usual signs of sepsis, although infection of the wound and areas surrounding the lungs and heart was reported. Nikdy!" Source of figures Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg page 286, Source:Rdiger Overmans Soldaten hinter Stacheldraht. [63] The casualties suffered by the Western Allies in making this contribution to the defeat of the Wehrmacht were relatively light, 164,590195,576 killed/missing, 537,590 wounded, and 78,680 taken prisoner,[64][65] a total loss of 780,860 to 811,846 to inflict a loss of 2.8 million prisoners on the German army. [11] However, the position of the German government, the German Federal Agency for Civic Education and the German Red Cross is that the death toll in the expulsions is between 2.0 and 2.5 million civilians. According to Krivosheev "The figures in the Wehrmacht documents relating to Germany's war losses are therefore contradictory and unreliable. [7][8][9][10][4] According to Karl Hermann Frank's postwar testimony, Hitler knew Zelewski to be even harsher than Heydrich. [29], Heydrich and Klein leapt out of the shattered Mercedes with drawn pistols; Klein ran towards Kubi, who had staggered against the railings, while Heydrich went to Gabk, who stood paralyzed holding the Sten. They were sent to one of SOE's commando training centres at Arisaig in Scotland. Overy maintains that the German estimates are based on incorrect speculations for losses during the final months of the war when there was a gap in the record keeping system. WebMaurice Rose: The Highest Ranking US Officer Killed By the Enemy In Europe During WWII. In support of the latter possibility, particles of fat and blood clots were found at autopsy in the right ventricle and pulmonary artery and severe oedema was noted in the upper lobes of the lungs, while the lower lobes were collapsed. Reinhard Heydrich, the commander of the German Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), the acting governor of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and a principal architect of the Holocaust,[1] was assassinated during World War II in a coordinated operation by the Czechoslovak resistance. [12] British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was infuriated enough by the scale of reprisals to suggest levelling three German villages for every Czech village that the Nazis destroyed. Bevlkerungsbilanzen fr die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50.Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt - Wiesbaden. Cyrila a Metodje 18. ervna 1942", "Martyr Gorazd of Prague, Bohemia and Moravo-Cilezsk", "Umlci a vojci: Frantiek Blsk, tvrce vojenskch pamtnk, panovnickch bust i Churchilla", "Work to begin on Czech fountain in Leamington which was built to remember war heroes", Arisaig, Czechoslovakian Special Operations Executive Training Memorial, "Plaque: Czechoslovak Government-in-Exile Military Intelligence Service", "Tady naplnovali atentt. This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. Many men who went missing or were taken prisoner were not included in the German High Command (OKW) figures. -POW still held by Allies- 1,750,000 POW from Germany within in the 1937 borders were still held by the allies in October 1946. Soviet sources reported that "In 1945 the German Army lost more than 1,000,000 men killed on the Soviet-German front alone."[34]. The Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, Page 78. Der Ruhrkessel: Ende der Kmpfe im Westen Verbrechen der Wehrmacht, der SS und Gestapo an der Bevlkerung bis zum letzten Tag, Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder since 1917, "George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 1939-30 June 1945. . The youth was stupefied with brandy, shown his mother's severed head in a fish tank, and warned that, if he did not talk, his father would be next; Ata gave in. In recent years there has been a joint Russian-German project to investigate the fate of POWs in the war. One of those is the Unknown Soldier who rests in the Tomb of the Unknown at Arlington Cemetery. Page 202. [58][59], The Western Allies also took 134,000 German soldiers prisoner in North Africa[60] WebI start with World War II because more (individual) records are available and I assume people are more interested in it. Deutsche Kriegsgefangene des Zweiten Weltkrieges. In 2005 the German government Suchdienste (Search Service) put the total combined German military and civilian war dead at 7,375,800, including ethnic Germans outside of Germany and Austrians. The following schedules summarize the OKW figures published in the post-war era. He points out that the figures for air raid dead in the last three months of the war were estimated in the West German figures at 300,000, which includes the deaths of 135,000 eastern refugees fleeing westward, Overy believes that this is not plausible. "Heydrich Is Dead; Czech Toll At 178," pg 1, The New York Times, 5 June 1942. Of the children, 81 were later killed in gas vans at the Chemno extermination camp, WebOn September 1, 1939 there were only 508 General Staff officers to fill the 589 General Staff positions. Josef Valk, one of the assassins of Heydrich, Poster with Sgt. [13][12] The German Historical Museum puts the figure at 600,000 dead; they maintain the figure of 2 million expulsion deaths cannot be supported. Deutsche Kriegsgefangene des Zweiten Weltkriege. pp. Krivosheev gave a separate set of statistics that put losses at 2,230,000 Killed; 2,400,000 missing and 5,240,000 wounded. [57] One reason for this huge difference, possibly the most important, was that German forces facing the Red Army tended to fight to the end for fear of Soviet captivity whereas German forces facing the Western Allies tended to surrender without putting up much if any resistance. (over 300,000 plus 1,500,000. Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg, Bd. [122] The civilian deaths in the air raids on eastern Front after 1/31/1945 are also included with the figures of the losses during the Flight and expulsion of Germans (194450)[123], (1) Hans Sperling, Die Luftkriegsverluste whrend des zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland, Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. The Czechoslovaks undertook the operation to help confer legitimacy on the government-in-exile, and to exact retribution for Heydrich's brutal rule. Included in the total of 635,000 air raid dead were losses for Germany in 1937 borders which totaled 593,000. [160] The research of Rdiger Overmans puts military losses of ethnic Germans at 534,000. [citation needed], The fate of over one million missing German soldiers in the USSR was an issue in post-war West Germany, with some claiming that they were held in secret labor camps by the Soviets. -Killed in air war - Figure for civilians only, does not include 23,000 police and military and 32,000 POW and foreign workers. Regarding the death due to partisan action, perhaps Generalleutnant Franz Krech is included. World War II by B5N2KATE 19 Apr 2008, 16:38, Return to German Strategy & General German Military Discussion. Mller-Hillebrand maintained that the OKW figures did not present an accurate accounting of German casualties because they understated losses in the final months of the war on the eastern front and post war deaths of POW in Soviet captivity. [48] Based on his research, Rdiger Overmans believes that the deaths of 459,000 dead POWs can be confirmed in the files of Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt)(including 363,000 in the USSR). 465,000 not including refugees (410,000 civilians, 32,000 foreigners and POW and 23,000 military and Police); and losses of 128,000 refugees on eastern front (127,000 civilians and 1,000 military and Police). [108] Italian fascist forces fought in the Italian campaign until the end of the war with the Italian Social Republic. By the end of 1954, they had identified approximately 4 million military dead and missing (2,730,000 dead and 1,240,629 missing). Below is a list of American general officers and flag officers who have been killed in In the confusion, Gabk shot him twice, severely wounding him in the leg. The German historian Rdiger Overmans in 2000 published the study Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg (German Military Casualties in the Second World War), which has provided a reassessment of German military war dead based on a statistical survey of German military personnel records. He pointed out that this was the case of some Germans in American and British hospitals. This figure was to remain unchallenged until the 1990s when some German historians put the actual death toll in the expulsions at 500,000 confirmed deaths listed in a 1965 German Red Cross study. The Anthropoid pair landed near Nehvizdy east of Prague. Japanese government figures from 2003 put their military war dead at 2.3 million. Generalleutnant Friedrich Zickwolff was also wounded due to 'partisan' activity in Brittany and died as a consequence. by tigre 13 Feb 2008, 22:47, Post .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, For Austria the consequences of the Nazi regime and the Second World War were disastrous: During this period 2,700 Austrians had been executed and more than 16,000 citizens murdered in the concentration camps. The US military historian Stephen Ambrose was co-editor of the book Eisenhower and the German POWs in which he refutes Bacque's claims. Monthly figures do not add because of rounding. [28][29] The explosion shattered the windows of the tram, which had stopped on the opposite side of the road, shrapnel striking terrified passengers. The sum of the Relief Bureau's army dead figures for these regions is 654,800. On the other hand, Overmans states that "300,000 soldiers per month" (p.275), "that is, 10,000 men per day" (p.279, cf. It was published in 1976 in the Polish comic-book magazine Relax, as Zamach (The Assassination). See also: German prisoners of war in northwest Europe, German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union and German prisoners of war in the United States, The fates of German prisoners of war have been a concern in post war Germany. The Polish underground killed two senior SS officers in the General Government in Operation Kutschera and Operation Brkl; Wilhelm Kube, the General-kommissar of Belarus, was killed in Operation Blowup by Soviet partisan Yelena Mazanik, a Belarusian woman who had managed to find employment in his household to kill him. Reinhard Heydrich had been the chief of the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA) since September 1939 and was appointed acting Protector of Bohemia and Moravia after replacing Konstantin von Neurath in September 1941. I HATE this guy. The missing (697,319) does not include confirmed deaths in captivity, however on page 288 Overmans mentions 400,000 missing in the East in 1945 and states that this figure of missing was based on his finding that two thirds of deaths during the "final battles" occurred in the East of Germany. The story of Operation Anthropoid is narrated in a short Czech comic book titled Atentt (The Assassination), created in 1976 by brothers Jan Saudek and Kja Saudek. Field Army (Feldheer) casualties September 1939 to November 1944, Source: Mller-Hillebrand Das Heer 19331945 Vol 3. p. 30. In addition, the events have been featured in several well-known dramatic films (this taking place in the general context of World War II in popular culture and specifically Reinhard Heydrich in popular culture). The figures include those killed in the 1945 military campaign and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union. Professor Hollbaum (a Silesian German who was chairman of surgery at Charles University in Prague) operated on Heydrich with Diek and Slanina's assistance. Frumkin put total German military dead and missing at 3,975,000: Germany (1937 borders) 3,500,000; Austria 230,000; 200,000 Sudeten Germans from Czechoslovakia; 40,000 from France, 3,700 from the Netherlands; 700 from Norway and 398 from Denmark. The exiled government felt that it had to do something that would inspire the Czechoslovaks, as well as show the world that the Czechs and Slovaks were allies. Figures for missing include POW held by Allies. WebThe report of G. I. Krivosheev shows that of all the men serving in the military during the war, there were about 4,559,000 reported missing (including 3,396,400 per field reports and an additional 1,162,600 estimated by Krivosheev), out of which 500,000 were missing and presumed dead, 939,700 were conscripted back into the Soviet army during the Oldenbourg 2000. [76], Another important monument is in the form of a fountain, and symbolically commemorates the seven paratroopers. This caused delays in the mission as Kubi had not completed training, nor had the necessary false documents been prepared for him. He was driven by SS-Oberscharfhrer Johannes Klein. [43] After the collapse of communism, data from the Soviet Archives became available concerning the deaths of German POWs in the USSR. The Japanese Relief Bureau's army dead figure for this battlefront is 435,600. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. -Net emigration of foreign population - The Statistisches Bundesamt pointed out that this was a rough estimate. Figures do not include prisoners held by Allies. However, the declaration did not commit the UK to Czechoslovakia's pre-Munich borders and did not declare the Munich agreement void ab initio as Czechoslovakia wanted, thus the statement has been questioned as a full repudiation of the deal. [61], urda betrayed several safe houses provided by the Jindra group, including that of the Moravec family in ikov. Gen. Lesley McNair was one of the highest ranking American officers killed in World War II. Figures do not include POW deaths of 363,000 in Soviet captivity; these losses were listed separately by Overmans. Adolf Oplka's aunt, Marie Oplkov, was executed in the Mauthausen camp on 24 October 1942; his father Viktor Jarolm was also killed. WebIn World War II, many men went above and beyond the call of duty. The assailants initially hid with two Prague families and later took refuge in the Cathedral of Sts Cyril and Methodius (until 1935 the Karel Boromejsky Church)[60] a cathedral of the Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church in Prague. The battle casualtry loss rate by rank for the US Army in World War II was: General Officer and all field grades 35 Captain 53 1st Lieutenant 105 2nd Lieutenant 204 Warrant Officer 8. Amongst others, the German historian Wolfgang Benz believes that the use of the term "Bombing Holocaust" runs contrary to historical fact. Like his father, Gerhardt pursued a career as an army officer, graduating in the West Point class of 1917. to which the paratroopers fired back and shouted: "Jsme ei! Nineteen employees at Deutsche Dienststelle assisted in the survey. The Hahn's point out that the figure of 473,013 confirmed deaths includes 80,522 in the post war period; they maintain that most of the deaths occurred during the Nazi organized flight and evacuation during the war, and the, In 2006 the German government reaffirmed its belief that 2.0 to 2.5 million civilians perished in the flight and expulsion from Eastern Europe. Gabk and Kubi, with seven other soldiers from Czechoslovakia's army-in-exile in the United Kingdom in two other groups named Silver A and Silver B (who had different missions), were flown from RAF Tangmere by a Halifax of No. They maintain that the figure is correct because it includes additional deaths from malnutrition and disease of those civilians subject to the expulsions. WebRussia Countries with the Highest Total Casualties in World War II: Those totals do not include the more than 14 million Soviet soldiers who were wounded during the war. The main points of Overy's analysis are as follows. [161] Ingo Haar points out that of the 886,000 estimated civilian dead from east Europe only about 170,000 deaths have been confirmed; the balance are considered unsolved cases.[144]. Heydrich was thought to be scheduled to transfer to occupied northern France and Belgium, with the intent to implement similar policies there. In particular, Bene felt that a dramatic action displaying a Czech contribution to the Allied cause would make it politically harder for the British to forge any possible peace agreement with Germany that would undermine Czech national interests. Overmans maintains that many individual reports of casualties were not processed by the end of the war and are not reflected in the German High Command (OKW) statistics.[20]. The Biennial report of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army issued in 1945 also estimated Japanese "battle dead" at 1.219 million. [58][59], In the days following the Lidice massacre, no leads were found for those responsible for Heydrich's death. Heydrich, his face pale and contorted in pain, pointed toward the fleeing Slovak, saying, "Get that bastard! The wartime military casualty figures compiled by German High Command, up until January 31, 1945, are often cited by military historians when covering individual campaigns in the war. Of the 2 million presumed dead, Overmans believes 700,000 died in Soviet custody without being reported as POWs. [40] Heydrich developed a fever of 3839C (100.4102.2F) and wound drainage, and he was in great pain. The sum of the Relief Bureau's army dead figures for these regions is 194,900. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. The authors say that only circumstantial evidence supports this allegation; the records of the SOE for the period have remained sealed and few medical records of Heydrich's condition and treatment have been preserved. The current view of the German government is that these losses were due to an aggressive war started by the German nation. Two years after Heydrich's death, Operation Foxley, a similar assassination plan, was drawn up against Hitler, but not implemented. The World War II Databook, by John Ellis, 1993 p256. These figures are based on the West German government figures from the 1960s . Bacque presents his arguments with a description of the horrific conditions at the Rheinwiesenlager POW camps and eyewitness accounts of retired US military officers. [28], Overmans states that there is not sufficient data to break down the 1,230,045 deaths in the 1945 "final battles" in Germany between the Western Allied invasion of Germany and Eastern Front in 1945, although he estimates that 2/3 of these casualties can be attributed to the Eastern Front. The oldest memorial is a plaque on Orthodox Cathedral of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Resslova Street, Prague. Overmans maintains that his research project taking a statistical sample of the records of the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) found that the German military casualty reporting system broke down during the war and that losses were understated. "[32][33] As Klein gave pursuit, Heydrich stumbled along the pavement before collapsing against the bonnet of his wrecked car. Ji ulc's novel Dva proti i (literally Two Men Against The Empire) describes the events long before the assassination, assassination itself, its consequences and a detailed look at the life of the Czech resistance and exiled paratroopers in the Protectorate. Nikdy se nevzdme, slyte? Neither the Czech government-in-exile nor the British SOE likely foresaw the possibility that the Germans would apply the principle of Sippenhaft (collective responsibility) on the scale they did in avenging Heydrich's assassination. The Japanese Relief Bureau's army dead figure for this battlefront is 163,000. [43] The statistics of the German High Command put casualties of the volunteer forces from the Soviet Union up until 1/31/1945 at: 83,307 dead; 57,258 missing and 118,127 wounded[44]. This list may not reflect recent changes. Ambrose points out that the US and the UK had to cope with a major logistical problem in order to maintain the huge number of surrendered German personnel and finds the claim that Eisenhower and the US military deliberately withheld support for the German POW to be without merit. 3-Included in these statistics are 322,807 POWs held by the US and UK. [19] (Since German reunification, the records in the former GDR (East Germany) have become available to the WASt). [23], Gabk and Kubi initially planned to kill Heydrich on a train, but after examination of the practicalities, they realised this was not going to be possible. The German Red Cross reported in 2005 that the records of the military search service WAS list total Wehrmacht losses at 4.3 million men (3.1 million dead and 1.2 million missing) in World War II. The Czech village of Leky was also destroyed because a radio transmitter belonging to the Silver A team was found there. 12224. Czechs in World War II", "The attentat on SS Obergruppenfhrer Reinhard Heydrich", "Jsme ei! Operation Anthropoid was the only successful government-organized assassination of a top-ranking Nazi official. WebVietnam (killed only) 10.9. The number of dead and wounded on both sides was about equal. After the battle, urda confirmed the identity of the dead Czech resistance fighters, including Kubi and Gabk. [1][2] The German government reported that its records list 4.3 million dead and missing military personnel. by tigre 29 Feb 2008, 20:30, Post [23] Professor Vojtch Mastn argues that he "clung to the scheme as the last resort to dramatize Czech resistance". Multiple memorials have been created in different nations such as in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and in the United Kingdom as a result of both the assassination and its aftermath. Instead of landing inside the Mercedes, it landed against the rear wheel. Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt - Wiesbaden. [15], Training was supervised by the nominated head of the Czech section, Major Alfgar Hesketh-Prichard, who turned to Cecil Clarke to develop the necessary weapon, light enough to throw but still be lethal to an armour-plated Mercedes. Two others were also wounded by fragments of the same grenade Kubi, the Czech soldier who threw the grenade, and a bystander but neither was reported to have shown any sign of poisoning. Following the [23], A. Never! [69], The assassination of Heydrich was one of the most significant moments of the resistance in Czechoslovakia. Marshall's figure is 128,000. The modification of the weapon could indicate an attached toxic or biological agent. WebCollins retired in 1956, having served thirty-nine years in uniform. In 1950 the West German government made a preliminary estimate of 3,000,000 German civilians missing in Eastern Europe (1.5 million from pre war Germany and 1.5 million ethnic Germans from East Europe) whose fate needed to be clarified. Nonetheless, the bomb severely wounded Heydrich when it detonated, its fragments ripping through the right rear fender and embedding fragmentation and fibers from the upholstery of the car into Heydrich, causing serious injuries to his left side, with major damage to his diaphragm, spleen, and lung, as well as a fractured rib. Ursprnge, Arten und Folgen des Konstrukts "Bevlkerung" vor, im und nach dem "Dritten Reich" Zur Geschichte der deutschen Bevlkerungswissensch: Herausforderung Bevlkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens ber die Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich, Hubert, Michael, Deutschland im Wandel. Many of the Medals were awarded posthumously, in recognition of a life cut short. In the intervening years, the local geography has greatly changed. In early 1945 the German High Command (OKW) prepared a summary of total losses up to January 31, 1945. 1892-1946) was a top German military officer during World War II and part of the leadership cadre around Nazi leader Adolf Hitler. Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. Two SS jackets that had been folded on the back seat of the car were whirled upwards by the blast and draped themselves over the trolley wire. Recent research on German expulsion losses: Estimated total German population losses (in 1937 German borders) directly related to the war range between 5.5[149] to 6.9 million persons. He was a nazi, which makes him a bad person already. [163] The German government currently places the ultimate blame for the mass flight and expulsion on the wartime policy of the Nazis in Eastern Europe. [75], The National Memorial to the Heroes of the Heydrich Terror was created beneath the Cathedral of Saints Cyril and Methodius in 1995. WebPages in category "German military personnel killed in World War II" The following 140 pages are in this category, out of 140 total. Bacque alleges that General Eisenhower and the US military deliberately withheld support for the German POW, causing their deaths.
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